A Complete Guide for Professional Market Gardeners on Growing Shallots in France from Bulbils

Shallot cultivation is a common practice in France, particularly appreciated for its many culinary and medicinal properties. Shallots are distinguished by their refined taste and long-lasting shelf life, making them a favorite choice for many professional market gardeners.

Summary

• Introduction to growing shallots
• Why choose shallots?
• Preparing the soil for planting shallots
• Choosing the shallot bulbils
• Shallot varieties adapted to the French climate
• The shallot planting calendar
• The stages of planting bulbils
• Irrigation and fertilization management
• Weed and pest control
• Harvesting shallots
• Storing and preserving shallots
• Tips to improve performance
• Tips from professional market gardeners
• Frequently Asked Questions

Why choose shallots?

Shallots offer a multitude of benefits, both in terms of taste and nutrition. They are rich in vitamins and minerals, and add a unique flavor to dishes. Moreover, the constant market demand ensures a reliable outlet for producers.

Preparing the soil for planting shallots

Properly prepared soil is essential for successful cultivation. It should be light, well-drained, and rich in organic matter. Deep plowing, followed by amendment with compost, will promote optimal shallot growth.

Choosing the shallot bulbils

Choosing the right bulbils is a crucial step. Choose certified, disease-free bulbils. The bulbils should be firm, uniform in size, and exhibit good germination.

Shallot varieties adapted to the French climate

Several varieties of shallots are suitable for the French climate. Among the most popular are the grey shallot, the Jersey shallot, and the traditional shallot. Each has specific characteristics that can influence the choice depending on local conditions.

The shallot planting calendar

Shallots are generally planted from February to April or from October to November, depending on the variety and weather conditions. Following this schedule is crucial to ensure good growth and a bountiful harvest.

The stages of planting bulbils

To plant the bulbils, follow these steps:

1. Prepare the soil by weeding and aerating it.
2. Plant the bulbils at a depth of 3-4 cm, with a spacing of 10-15 cm between each bulb.
3. Water lightly after planting.

Irrigation and fertilization management

Shallots require moderate watering. Too much water can cause bulb rot. Regular nutrient supplementation, especially nitrogen and potassium, is recommended to promote growth.

Weed and pest control

Weed control is crucial to avoid competition for nutrients. Use biological or mechanical pest control methods to control pests, avoiding chemical pesticides whenever possible.

Harvesting shallots

Shallots are harvested when the foliage turns yellow and begins to dry out. Carefully pull the bulbs and let them dry in the sun for a few days before storing.

Storing and preserving shallots

Once dried, shallots should be stored in a cool, dry place away from light. Use netting or perforated crates to prevent moisture and extend their shelf life. See our guide: Storing Shallots After Harvest: A Complete Guide

Tips to improve performance

To maximize yields, diversify varieties, practice crop rotation, and regularly monitor plant health. Proper management of agricultural resources and inputs is also crucial.

Tips from professional market gardeners

Experienced market gardeners recommend experimenting with new techniques such as mulching to reduce weeds and conserve moisture. The use of natural products for fertilization and plant protection is also encouraged.

Frequently Asked Questions

When is the best time to plant shallots in France?

The best time to plant shallots is either in spring, from February to April, or in autumn, from October to November.

How to prevent shallots from rotting?

Make sure the soil is well-drained and do not overwater. Heavy, poorly drained soil is often the main cause of rot.

What type of soil is ideal for growing shallots?

Shallots prefer light, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Avoid heavy clay soils that retain too much water.

What are the main pests of shallots?

Major pests include thrips, onion flies, and nematodes. Use biological control methods to control them.

How long do shallots last after harvest?

Shallots that are well dried and stored under proper conditions can be stored for up to 6 months.

Should shallots be fertilized? If so, how?

Yes, shallots benefit from moderate fertilization. Use a nitrogen-rich fertilizer early in growth, then switch to a potassium-rich fertilizer as harvest approaches.

Conclusion

Growing shallots in France from bulbils is a rewarding practice that can offer numerous benefits to professional market gardeners. By following the steps and tips mentioned in this guide, you can optimize your yields and guarantee the quality of your harvests. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced grower, this guide will guide you throughout your farming adventure.